What important factor contributes to the lack of reporting of sexual assault?

The fear of stigma or disbelief from peers and authorities is a significant barrier that affects the reporting of sexual assault. Victims may be concerned about how their peers, family members, or authority figures will react if they come forward. This fear can stem from societal attitudes that blame victims or a lack of understanding about the complexities of sexual assault, leading many to believe they will not be believed or supported. This emotional and psychological barrier often results in victims feeling isolated and reluctant to seek help, contributing to the underreporting of these incidents.

In contrast, awareness campaigns aim to educate and inform individuals about sexual assault and encourage reporting, which can dispel some of the fears associated with stigma. Strict university regulations, while meant to address and prevent sexual misconduct, do not directly influence the emotional and psychological hurdles faced by victims. Confidentiality measures are designed to protect the privacy of the victim, which can help create a safer environment for reporting but may also create an environment of silence if victims fear that they will not be supported or believed.